Choose the most suitable verb form in each sentence.
1) Silvia is writing/has been writing/has written this letter for the last 30 minutes.
2) Have you given/Did you give Laura the flowers when you have seen/saw her?
3) Did you meet/Have you met anyone interesting on your holiday?
4) Hi Sergio, have you found/did you find your notes?
Answers:
1) Silvia is writing/has been writing/has written this letter for the last 30 minutes.
Silvia has been writing this letter for the last 30 minutes.
2) Have you given/Did you give Laura the flowers when you have seen/saw her?
Did you give Laura the flowers when you saw her?
3) Did you meet/Have you met anyone interesting on your holiday?
Have you met anyone interesting on your holiday?
4) Hi Sergio, have you found/did you find your notes?
Hi Sergio, have you found your notes?
Extra examples & explanation:
Present perfect is:
Subject + have / has + past participle
Example:
- I have studied maths.
- She has travelled a lot.
Basic rules:
1) We use present perfect when there is a connection with the present.
(Usamos el presente perfecto cuando hay una conexión con el presente)
- She has gone to London. (Ella se ha ido a Londres)
It means that she is in London now. (Esto significa que ella está en Londres ahora)
2) If something has happened recently
(Si algo ha sucedido recientemente)
- I have brushed my teeth. (Me he lavado los dientes)
3) If it's the first time that something happens
(Si es la primera vez que algo sucede)
- It's the first time they have studied algebra (Es la primera vez que han estudiado álgebra)
4) An experience
(Una experiencia)
- Have you ever been to New York? (¿Has estado alguna vez en Nueva York?)
Note: If we are interested in the result, instead of when it happened, we use present peferct. Otherwise, we use another tense.
(Nota: Si estamos interesados en el resultado, en vez de cuándo sucedió, utilizamos present perfect. De otro modo, utilizamos otro tiempo)
- Have you opened the window? --> Yes, I have / No, I haven't (¿Has abierto la ventana?)
- When did you open the window? --> I opened it three minutes ago (¿Cuándo abriste la ventana? La abrí hace tres minutos)
6) Compare these two situations
- Shakespeare wrote a lot of plays [He is dead => Past tense]
- Arturo Pérez-Reverte has written a lot of books. [He is still alive => Present perfect]
7) Rephrasing:
- The last time I saw Raquel was 4 months ago = I haven't seen Raquel for 4 months.
8) Some words (Algunas palabras)
Already : ya => I have already finished my homework. (Affirmative)
Yet : todavía => I haven't finished my homework yet. (Negative)
Yet : ya => Have you finished your homework yet? (Interrogative)
For : durante => She has been working for three hours.
Since : desde => She has been working since three o'clock.
Just : acaba de => They have just finished their job.
Been : estado => Have you been to Madrid? [You are not there now] [Tú no estás allí ahora]
Gone : ido => She has gone to the bank [She is outside now. Either she is there now or on her way there] [Ella está fuera ahora. O está allí ahora o de camino]
Ever : Alguna vez => Have you ever been to Canada? (Interrogative)
Ever : Nunca => I haven't ever been to Canada (Negative) (Nunca he estado en Canadá)
Never : Nunca => I have never been to Canada (Affirmative) (Nunca he estado en Canandá)
How long : Hace cuánto que => How long have you been working on this project? (Literal: ¿Hace cuánto que has estado trabajando en este proyecto? No tan literal: ¿Cuánto tiempo llevas trabajando en este proyecto?)
Note: Please, pay attention to the position.
[Nota: Por favor, presta atención a la posición]
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